Users Online: 74
Home
Current Issue
Ahead of Print
Search
About Us
Editorial Board
Archives
Submit Article
Instructions
Subscribe
Contacts
Reader Login
Export selected to
Endnote
Reference Manager
Procite
Medlars Format
RefWorks Format
BibTex Format
Access statistics : Table of Contents
2013| July-December | Volume 12 | Issue 2
Online since
December 31, 2013
Archives
Previous Issue
Next Issue
Most popular articles
Most cited articles
Show all abstracts
Show selected abstracts
Export selected to
Viewed
PDF
Cited
REVIEW ARTICLE
Structure and physicochemical properties in relation to drug action
Mohsen M Kamel, Yasmin M Syam
July-December 2013, 12(2):95-108
DOI
:10.4103/1687-4315.124000
In this review, classification of drugs, chemical structure, and biological activity, examples of pharmacological activities of some structural moieties, bioisosterism, physicochemical properties in relation to drug action, drug-receptor theory, acid-base chemistry in formulation and biodistribution of the drug, quantitative structure-activity relationship, and molecular docking are briefly presented with examples.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
41,885
6,165
1
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of volatile constituents from the roots, leaves, and seeds of
Arctium lappa
L. (
Asteraceae
) grown in Egypt
Elsayed A Aboutabl, Mona E El-Tantawy, Manal M Shams
July-December 2013, 12(2):173-176
DOI
:10.4103/1687-4315.124036
Background and objective
As no literature was traced dealing with the volatile constituents of the leaves or the seeds of
Arctium lappa
L., it was deemed of interest to carry out a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis and antimicrobial activity study of the volatile constituents of roots, leaves, and seeds of the plant grown in Egypt.
Materials and methods
The volatile constituents of the roots, leaves, and seeds were analyzed by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity was tested using the agar well diffusion technique.
Results and conclusion
GC/MS of the volatile constituents from the leaves showed 19 identified compounds, the major being caryophyllene oxide (54.2%), followed by β-elemene (6.2%) and β-costol (4.0%). Analysis of the volatile constituents of the roots revealed 14 identified compounds, the major being caryophyllene oxide (51%), followed by aromadendrene (16%) and isoaromadendrene epoxide (6.4%). Analysis of the volatile constituents of the seeds revealed 22 identified compounds, the major being
E
-citral (28.8%), followed by geraniol (20.3%) and
Z
-citral (9.5%). The volatile constituents of the leaves and roots exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against bacteria and significant antifungal activity, in comparison with the standards used, whereas the volatile constituents of the seeds showed moderate antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
8,063
671
5
Tropane alkaloids of
Atropa belladonna
L.:
in vitro
production and pharmacological profile
Hanan A Al-Ashaal, Mona E Aboutabl, Yousreya A Maklad, Ahmed A El-Beih
July-December 2013, 12(2):130-135
DOI
:10.4103/1687-4315.124012
Objective
The aim of the present work was to study the production of tropane alkaloids by
in vitro
cultures of
Atropa belladonna
L. and to evaluate the anticonvulsant, antinociceptive, motor incoordination, and antioxidant activities of both
in vitro
and original plant extracts.
Background
A. belladonna
is a very important medicinal plant with multipurpose therapeutic effects. The yield of its alkaloid content is very low, which makes it difficult for industrial application.
Materials and methods
Murashige and Skoog media were used for callus and plant differentiation induction from leaf explants of
A. belladonna
L. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of alkaloids was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography. The anticonvulsant activity was screened by the pentylenetetrazole seizure test. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated by adopting the writhing test, whereas motor incoordination was evaluated using the rotarod test. In addition, antioxidant activity was estimated using the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging test.
Results
Callus and differentiated plants were successfully induced in Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with growth regulators. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the production of higher concentrations of tropane alkaloids in differentiated plants than in the original plant. Anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activities, motor incoordination, and the antioxidant effect of callus extracts were much higher than those of the original plant leaf extract.
Conclusion
Plant tissue culture could be considered as an efficient and alternative source of continuous supply of tropane alkaloids with potent anticonvulsant, antinociceptive, motor incoordination, and antioxidant activities. It is also a powerful tool for producing
A. belladonna
strain with a high tropane alkaloid content.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
7,285
634
2
Production and partial characterization of collagenase from marine
Nocardiopsis dassonvillei
NRC2aza using chitin wastes
Azza M Abdel-Fattah
July-December 2013, 12(2):109-114
DOI
:10.4103/1687-4315.124003
Background
The marine ecosystem has generated considerable interest for the isolation of new microorganisms, especially
Streptomyces
spp. It is considered a cheaper source of precious enzymes such as collagenase.
Objective
This study aimed to produce new collagenase enzymes from the locally isolated marine
Streptomyces
spp. grown on marine wastes for application in industrial fields.
Materials and methods
The marine isolate was identified as
Nocardiopsis dassonvillei
NRC2aza by 16S rDNA sequencing.
N. dassonvillei
NRC2aza was grown on basal medium composed of whole chitin wastes as the sole C and N source for the production of collagenase enzyme. Extraction of the enzyme was performed to study its characteristics.
Results and conclusion
Maximum collagenase activity (240 U/ml) was obtained after 6 days of incubation in shaken liquid cultures when whole chitin wastes (shrimp and crab wastes) were used as the sole nitrogen and carbon source. A
N. dassonvillei
NRC2aza isolate was shown to produce significant amounts of collagenase, reaching 1872 U/g, under solid-state fermentation using a mixture of 10 g chitin waste and 2 g of feather. Successive ammonium sulfate fractionation of
N. dassonvillei
NRC2aza growth extract produced a group of collagenases with different molecular weights. The 80% enzyme fraction was the most active and possessed the highest collagenase activity (1106.66 U/f), reaching about 3.8-fold that of the culture filtrate. The optimum pH and temperature were 8 and 55°C, respectively, and the enzyme was stable at pH range of 6-8. The collagenase exhibited heat stability for 60 min at 50°C. Therefore, collagenases can be applied in food industry as tenderizers of red meat and in fur and hide tanning to ensure uniform dyeing of leather.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
4,931
1,697
3
Novel keratinase from marine
Nocardiopsis dassonvillei
NRC2aza exhibiting remarkable hide dehairing
Azza M Abdel-Fattah
July-December 2013, 12(2):142-147
DOI
:10.4103/1687-4315.124016
Background
The isolation of the locally marine
Nocardiopsis dassonvillei
NRC2aza was characterized by the exceptional dehairing properties of its subtilisin-like keratinase.
Objectives
The aim of this work was to extract keratinase enzyme from the marine
Nocardiopsis dassonvillei
NRC2aza to be an alternative to sodium sulphide, which is the major pollutant from tanneries. Its unique nonactivity on collagen enhances its industrial potential.
Material and methods
Fermentation of the marine isolate
Nocardiopsis dassonvillei
NRC2aza on whole-feather medium was performed for keratrinase enzyme production. Extraction of the enzyme was carried out by solid-state fermentation (SSF).
Results and conclusion
Nocardiopsis dassonvillei
NRC2aza have excellent characteristics of crude keratinase, producing 1680 U/ml in a shaking submerged culture (SmF) and 19 760 U/g using SSF after 4 days at pH 7. The effect of inoculum concentration on SSF was studied, whereby higher concentrations (150-200%) lowered the activity. Fractional precipitation of the enzyme by ammonium sulphate produced four fractions, of which 70% was the most active and produced remarkable hide dehairing. A new locally isolated
Streptomyces
spp. from marine ecosystem produced a highly active keratinase enzyme that exhibits remarkable hide dehairing.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
5,816
430
6
Diketopiperazine derivatives from
Enterobacter cloacae
isolated from the Red Sea alga
Cystoseira myrica
Noha A Mohammed, Hossam M Hassan, Mostafa E Rateb, Eman F Ahmed, Usama W Hawas, Somayah Sameer, Rainer Ebel, Mounir M El-Safty, Mohammed S Abdel Hameed, Ola H Hammouda
July-December 2013, 12(2):163-172
DOI
:10.4103/1687-4315.124030
Aim
This study is an attempt to explore the biological activities of isolated endophytic bacteria from marine sources that were coded A1, A2, and A3 (
Padina pavonica
), A4 (
Cystoseira myrica
), A5 (
Acanthophora dendroides
), and A6 (
Sargassum sabrepandum
). The bacteria coded C1, C2, and C3 were isolated from the soft coral Nephthea mollis and S1 and S2 were isolates from the sponge
Hymedesmia
spp. The primary aim of the study was the identification of active compounds.
Materials and methods
The bioactive compounds were extracted using ethyl acetate from nutrient broth media; biological activities of the extracted metabolites and 16S rDNA identification of the most promising isolate were studied. The eight major fractions of the extract showed different composition patterns when identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses.
Results and conclusion
Agar diffusion assay showed inhibitory activities of A4 extracts against the growth of most pathogenic microorganisms. Identification using PCR 16S rDNA and electrophoresis confirmed 98% identity to the
Enterobacter cloacae
strain GH1 (ac: JF261136.1). Eight compounds out of fifteen in the extract were identified as diketopiperazine derivatives. The maximum growth of
E. cloacae
was obtained at 30°C, pH 7, with the addition of maltose and KI to the media. The free radical scavenging activity exhibited good antioxidant activity (72.19%, IC
50
= 1.266 mg/ml) on using 2.0 mg/ml of the crude extract. The extract showed a high antiviral activity towards Newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus A(H5N1).
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
4,220
333
4
Detection of
Neisseria
meningitidis
DNA in blood samples using direct-PCR test
Ahmed M Mora, Nour M Abdel-Kader, Soheir S Maklad
July-December 2013, 12(2):115-119
DOI
:10.4103/1687-4315.124005
Background
Meningococcal disease caused by
Neisseria meningitidis
is a widely distributed complex human disease affecting all age categories. Successful and effective treatment of patients with this disease depends on precise and early diagnosis of the disease.
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible use of direct PCR (D-PCR) for the detection and amplification of
N. meningitidis
DNA in blood samples compared with the conventional PCR (C-PCR) method, which needs bacterial culture and DNA extraction.
Materials and methods
Specific primers on the basis of the 16S rDNA of
N. meningitidis
were used for the amplification of 600 bp DNA fragment. Two strategies were followed: D-PCR, which relies on amplification of DNA directly in blood without DNA extraction using the KAPA Blood PCR Kit, and the C-PCR, which relies on the extraction of bacterial DNA using the Qiagen QiAmp DNA Mini Kit. The following blood samples were included in each strategy: A blood sample with bacterial cerebrospinal meningitis confirmed by blood culture, a normal blood sample seeded with
N. meningitidis
ATCC (13090) reference strain as positive control for the standardization of the PCR procedure, a normal blood sample as a negative control, and an internal negative control test sample (H
2
O).
Results
Both D-PCR and C-PCR tests gave the expected amplified DNA fragment of 600 bp on agarose gel electrophoresis of both patients' blood sample and
N. meningitidis
seeded normal blood sample, whereas no amplified products were detected when both tests were performed on normal blood sample or the internal negative H
2
O control.
Conclusion
Direct blood PCR assay could be a possible easy, rapid, nonexpensive, and specific method for the detection of meningococci in blood samples, particularly in situations in which culture is difficult because of previous treatment, and also could facilitate the large-scale screening of various medical conditions.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
3,892
426
3
Synthesis and DPPH radical-scavenging effect of novel heterocyclic derivatives of 2-amino-4-(1-benzoylindol-3-yl)selenophene-3-carbonitrile
Eslam R El-Sawy, Heba M Abo-Salem, Manal Sh Ebaid, Abd El-Nasser El-Gendy, Adel H Mandour
July-December 2013, 12(2):120-129
DOI
:10.4103/1687-4315.124007
Background and objectives
Selenophene moiety is one of the heterocyclic compounds with a selenium atom that plays a vital role in biological fields such as antioxidant, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. The aim of this study was to describe the synthesis of some new heterocycles derived from 2-amino-4-(1-benzoylindol-3-yl)selenophene-3-carbonitrile derivatives and to evaluate their 2,2Ͳ-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity.
Materials and methods
2-Amino-4-(1-benzoylindol-3-yl)selenophene-3-carbonitrile (
3
) was prepared and allowed to react with each of formic acid, formamide, carbon disulfide, urea, thiourea, malononitrile, or ethyl cyanoacetate to yield selenolo[2,3-
d
]pyrimidines
4-7
and selenolo[2,3-
b
]pyridine derivatives
8
and
9
, respectively. Moreover, reaction of compound
3
with hydrochloric acid or acetic anhydride in glacial acetic acid yielded selenolo[2,3-
d
]pyrimidin-4-one
10
and selenoacetamide derivative
11
, respectively. In contrast, reaction of Schiff base
12
with thioglycolic acid, phenacyl bromide, or chloroacetyl chloride yielded thiazolidine
13
and azidatine derivatives
14
and
15
, respectively. Reaction of compound
3
with some substituted benzenesulfonyl chlorides yielded sulfonamide derivatives
16a, b, c
, respectively. Moreover, 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole
19
and 4-oxo-2-iminothiazolidine derivatives
21
were prepared through cyclization of hydrazinecarbothioamide
18
or chloroacetamido derivative
20,
respectively. The fusion of
3
with succinic anhydride yielded pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
23
, whereas heating of
3
with succinic anhydride in ethanol yielded succinamic acid derivative
24
. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their 2,2Ͳ-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity.
Results and conclusion
Compound
8
showed promising activity with a radical-scavenging effect (IC
50
) of 166.40 μg/ml compared with ascorbic acid (an IC
50
of 129.64 μg/ml) as a reference standard.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
3,494
442
-
Hepatoprotective activity of
Brassica oleracea
L. var
. Italica
Fatma A Hashem, Hemaia M Motawea, Abdel Rahman E El-Shabrawy, Samar M El-Sherbini, Kamel Shaker, Abdel Razik H Farrag
July-December 2013, 12(2):177-185
DOI
:10.4103/1687-4315.124043
Purpose
This study investigated total ethanol and successive extracts of
Brassica oleracea
L. var.
Italica
inflorescences for their prophylactic and therapeutic effects on rat's liver using the paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity method. The present investigation focuses on liver histopathological analysis and evaluation of biochemical parameters.
Materials and methods
Hepatoprotective activity of
B. oleracea
L. var.
Italica
was evaluated using the paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity method on rat's liver. Phytochemical investigation of 80% ethanolic extract was performed using column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. Spectroscopic analyses UV,
1
H-NMR, and
13
C-NMR together with Electron impact mass spectrum (EIMS) were carried out to identify isolated compounds.
Results
Treatment with total ethanol and different successive extracts of
B.
oleracea
showed a significant decrease in the liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) when paracetamol was administered before the extracts (therapeutic) or administered after the extracts (prophylactic). On examination of the histopathological results, it is obvious that the prophylactic activity of the extracts was more effective. From ethanol extract, obtucarbamate,
N
-(4-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide, and
p
-hydroxy benzoic acid were isolated using chromatographic methods. The isolated compounds were identified through spectroscopic analysis and compared with literature reports.
Conclusion
Broccoli extracts were studied intensively for their prophylactic and therapeutic effects on rat's liver damage induced by paracetamol. The evaluation of biochemical parameters and histopathological analysis showed that broccoli extracts have prophylactic activity against liver damage. Phytochemical investigation of 80% ethanolic extract resulted in isolation of three compounds, obtucarbamate,
N
-(4-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide, and
p
-hydroxy benzoic acid, and can be considered a good candidate for the protection of liver damage induced by paracetamol.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
3,088
332
1
Desmutagenic and antimutagenic potential of phenolics from
Khaya grandifoliola
(C.DC.),
Meliaceae
Fatma A Hashem, Elsayed A Aboutabl, Sahar S EL Souda, Maysa Moharam, Amal A Mammoun, Manal Shabana
July-December 2013, 12(2):148-154
DOI
:10.4103/1687-4315.124018
Background and objectives
Antimutagenic or protective effects have been attributed to many classes of phytocompounds, mainly flavonoids and phenolic compounds, present in foods. Anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of
Khaya
spp. have been reported, but their desmutagenic and antimutagenic activities were not studied. The aim of this study was to identify the phenolic contents of
Khaya grandifoliola
and correlate the desmutagenic and antimutagenic activities of these compounds.
Materials and methods
Desmutagenic and antimutagenic activities of specimen extracts of
K. grandifoliola
leaves and flowers were evaluated by measuring the inhibition of
Salmonella typhimurium
TA100 His
+
revertants induced by ethyl methanesulphonate and ribose lysine. The phenolic contents of
K. grandifoliola
leaf extracts were determined using column and paper chromatography. Spectroscopic analysis UV,
1
H NMR,
13
C NMR and electrospray ionization were applied to identify the isolated compounds.
Results and conclusion
Five phenolic compounds were isolated for the first time from
K. grandifoliola
leaves. These compounds were identified as quercetin 3-
O
-rhamnoglucoside (rutin), quercetin 3-
O
-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-
O
-glucoside, quercetin and 6-methoxycoumarin-7-
O
arabinofuranoside. The alcoholic extracts of both leaves and flowers (total and successive) of
K. grandifoliola
, rutin and quercetin rhamnoside isolated from the leaves, exhibited desmutagenic and antimutagenic activity against ethyl methanesulphonate-induced and ribose lysine-induced reversion.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
3,114
283
3
Application of Fe
3
O
4
−
chitosan nanoparticles for
Mucor racemosus
NRRL 3631 lipase immobilization
Abeer A El-Hadi, Hanan Mostafa Ahmed
July-December 2013, 12(2):155-162
DOI
:10.4103/1687-4315.124021
Introduction and purpose
Magnetic Fe
3
O
4
-chitosan (CS) nanoparticles are prepared by the coagulation of an aqueous solution of CS with Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles. Various factors such as time, elevated pH and temperatures affecting magnetic Fe
3
O
4
-CS nanoparticles were studied using the immobilization technology. To improve the efficient use of lipase and reduce the cost of production, enzyme immobilization technology is applied.
Materials and methods
Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles were prepared by the coprecipitation method. The CS solution was prepared by dissolving 0.5 g of CS in 50 ml of 1% (v/v) acetic acid, followed by the addition of 12.5 ml of 1 mg/ml Tripolyphosphate (Tpp) solution as a cross-linker to enhance colloidal stability. The solution was used to resuspend the magnetic Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles. The resulting Fe
3
O
4
-CS was stored at 4°C until use. Uncoated and coated magnetite nanoparticles for immobilizing the lipase were characterized according to the particle size, as measured by atomic force microscopy or scanning force microscopy using contact mode by means of Agilent 5500. The infrared spectra were detected by a Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer.
Results and conclusion
To solve leaching problems of the adsorbed lipase and improve the conventional method of lipase immobilization, different concentrations of CS were used. A concentration of CS nanoparticles of 0.3 mg was proved to be more suitable, with an immobilization efficiency of 95.6%. On the basis of atomic force microscopy three-dimensional images, the diameters of the uncoated magnetite particles were determined to be 12 nm. The immobilized lipase shows better operational stability, including wider pH and thermal ranges. The pH optimum of the immobilized enzyme exhibited an acidic shift (pH 5-6). The immobilized lipase was stable in the pH range from 3 to 5 as compared with free lipase. Lipase immobilized by Fe
3
O
4
-CS nanoparticles remained fully active up to 40°C. At a temperature of 60°C, free lipase preserved about 40% of its residual activity for 1 h; however, the immobilized enzyme preserved about 72.9% of its residual activity at the same time. The kinetic constants
V
max
and
K
m
were determined to be 250 U/mg protein and 20 mmol/l, respectively, for immobilized lipase. The resulting immobilized lipase had better resistance to pH and temperature inactivation compared with free lipase and exhibited good reusability; after eight repeated uses, the immobilized lipase retained over 63.5% of its original activity.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
3,149
245
2
Synthesis of new sulfanyl pyrimidin-4(3H)-one and ethyl-2-(pyridin-4yl) methoxy-1,2-dihydro-6-methyl-pyrimidine derivatives under conventional and heterogeneous conditions
Fatma A Bassyouni, Omar A Fathalla
July-December 2013, 12(2):186-192
DOI
:10.4103/1687-4315.124047
Background and objectives
Heterocyclic systems with a pyrimidine nucleus display a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, antidepressive, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, diuretic, and anticoagulant. The aim of the present study was the synthesis of new heterocyclic sulfanylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives by adopting simple and efficient methods, in addition to ethyl-2-(pyridin-4-yl) methoxy-1,2-dihydro-6-methyl-pyrimidine derivatives in excellent yields.
Materials and methods
The synthesis of the titled sulfanyl pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives was achieved by the reaction of compounds 1a-c with phenacyl bromide, 4-methyl phenacyl bromide, or 4-nitrophenacyl bromide to give 5-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-2-oxoethylphenyl-sulfanyl-pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones (2a-c), [(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl) methyl]-2-oxoethylphenyl-sulfanyl-pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones (3a-c), or piperidin-1-yl) methyl]sulfanyl-pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones (4a-c), respectively. In addition, several heterocyclic pyrimidine derivatives such as ethyl-2-((pyridin-4-yl)methoxy-1,2-dihydro-6-methyl-pyrimidine derivatives 6a-h were prepared by the reaction of 1,2 dihydropyrimidone derivatives 5a-h with picolyl chloride using conventional and heterogeneous catalysts such as silica sulfuric acid and CuY-Zeolite. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses and spectroscopic methods.
Results and conclusion
A simple and efficient method was used for the synthesis of sulfanyl pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives through reaction with different reagents. Also, ethyl-2-((pyridin-4-yl)methoxy-1,2-dihydro-6-methyl-pyrimidine derivatives were obtained using conventional and heterogeneous conditions in excellent yields.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
2,583
258
-
Synthesis of the nonapeptide (B
22
−B
30
) of insulin B-chain using liquid and modified solid-phase methods
Mohamed A Zewail, Somya Abdel-Rahman, Ahmed M Naglah, Ahmed M Shalaby
July-December 2013, 12(2):136-141
DOI
:10.4103/1687-4315.124014
Background and objective
This work embraced a systematic search for potentiated methodologies for peptide synthesis through a di-dimensional approach for convenient synthesis of the nonapeptide (B
22
-B
30
) of porcine insulin B-chain. Liquid-phase peptide synthesis (LPPS) and liquid-solid-phase peptide synthesis (modified SPPS) were used for the synthesis of this active part.
Materials and methods
A nonapeptide Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr-Thr-Pro-Lys-Ala-OH corresponding to B
22
-B
30
of porcine insulin B-chain was synthesized using different methods: LPPS and modified SPPS. Time consumption, yield and purity of all products using the different methods were compared with each other.
Results and conclusion
The results indicated that modified SPPS is advantageous, as it consumes less solvent per coupling and deprotection reaction, thereby reducing operating costs and solvent waste. Reducing side reactions result in racemization, cyclization or premature peptide formation. Modified SPPS produces peptides with yields and purity better than LPPS. Also, it can reduce the time of coupling and deprotection reactions.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
2,369
176
1
Feedback
Sitemap
|
What's New
|
Feedback
|
Disclaimer
|
Privacy Notice
© Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal | Published by Wolters Kluwer -
Medknow
Online since 31st Dec, 2013